Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Oct 15, 2017 - Bladder cancer is the sixth most prevalent malignancy in the United States and causes more than 16,000 deaths annually. The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic hematuria, which should prompt evaluation with cystoscopy, renal function testing, and upper urinary tract ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1015/p507.html
Breast-Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2002 - Surgical treatment of breast cancer has changed significantly in recent years. Fine-needle aspirations or core-needle biopsies can be used in the diagnostic process, thus avoiding scarring incisions. The preferred method of treatment for many women with early breast cancer is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/1215/p2271.html
Cervical Cancer - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2000 - Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide, after breast cancer. A preponderance of evidence supports a causal link between human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. The presence of high-risk human papillomavirus genital subtypes increases ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0301/p1369.html
Cervical Cancer Screening - American Family Physician
Apr 1, 2018 - Screening in women has decreased the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Precancerous cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasias) and cervical carcinomas are strongly associated with sexually-transmitted high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which causes ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0401/p441.html
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2015 - Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0115/p93.html
Common Questions About Barrett Esophagus - American Family Physician
Jan 15, 2014 - Barrett esophagus is a precancerous metaplasia of the esophagus that is more common in patients with chronic reflux symptoms, although it also occurs in patients without symptomatic reflux. Other risk factors include smoking, male sex, obesity, white race, hiatal hernia, and increasing ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0115/p92.html
Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2016 - Adnexal masses can have gynecologic or nongynecologic etiologies, ranging from normal luteal cysts to ovarian cancer to bowel abscesses. Women who report abdominal or pelvic pain, increased abdominal size or bloating, difficulty eating, or rapid satiety that occurs more than 12 times ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0415/p676.html
Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Cancer - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2016 - Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Less than one-half of patients survive for more than five years after diagnosis. Ovarian cancer affects women of all ages but is most commonly diagnosed after menopause. More than 75% of affected women are diagnosed at an advanced ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0601/p937.html
Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cancer - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2014 - Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Risk factors include family history, smoking, chronic pancreatitis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol use, and possible dietary factors. Because more than two-thirds of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0415/p626.html
Diagnosis and Management of the Adnexal Mass - American Family Physician
May 15, 1998 - Adnexal masses are frequently found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. In premenopausal women, physiologic follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts are the most common adnexal masses, but the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must always be considered. Other masses in this age ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0515/p2471.html
Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2009 - Bladder cancer is the sixth most prevalent malignancy in the United States. The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, and cystoscopy remains the mainstay of diagnosis and surveillance. Fluorescence cystoscopy offers improvement in the detection ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1001/p717.html
Endometrial Cancer - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 1999 - Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, accounting for approximately 6,000 deaths per year in the United States. It is more common in women who are older, white, affluent obese and of low parity. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are also predisposing factors. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0601/p3069.html
Esophageal Cancer - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2017 - Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis and high mortality rate, with an estimated 16,910 new cases and 15,910 deaths projected in 2016 in the United States. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma account for more than 95% of esophageal cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0101/p22.html
Esophageal Cancer: A Review and Update - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2006 - Although significant advancements have been made in the treatment of esophageal cancer, this aggressive malignancy commonly presents as locally advanced disease with a poor prognosis. Despite improvements in the detection of premalignant pathology, newer preventative strategies, and the...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0615/p2187.html
Evaluation and Management of the AGUS Papanicolaou Smear - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2001 - Atypical glandular cells on Papanicolaou smears are an unusual but important cytologic diagnosis. The Bethesda system classifies atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) as glandular cells that demonstrate nuclear atypia appearing to exceed reactive or reparative ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0601/p2239.html
Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2015 - An elevated white blood cell count has many potential etiologies, including malignant and nonmalignant causes. It is important to use age- and pregnancy-specific normal ranges for the white blood cell count. A repeat complete blood count with peripheral smear may provide helpful ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1201/p1004.html
Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - American Family Physician
Dec 15, 2015 - A solitary pulmonary nodule is a common radiologic finding that is often discovered incidentally and may require significant workup to establish a definitive diagnosis. A solitary pulmonary nodule is a well-circumscribed round lesion measuring up to 3 cm in diameter and surrounded by ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1215/p1084.html
Gastric Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Options - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2004 - Although the overall incidence of gastric cancer has steadily declined in the United States, it is estimated that more than 12,000 persons died from gastric cancer in 2003. The incidence of distal stomach tumors has greatly declined, but reported cases of proximal gastric carcinomas, ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0301/p1133.html
Human Papillomavirus: Clinical Manifestations and Prevention - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2010 - Human papillomaviruses cause the most common sexually trans- mitted infection in the world and are responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Genital human papillomavirus infection can be divided into low-risk infections (causing genital warts) and high-risk infections ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1115/p1209.html
Leukemia: An Overview for Primary Care - American Family Physician
May 1, 2014 - Leukemia is a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The four broad subtypes most likely to be encountered by primary care physicians are acute lymphoblastic, acute myelogenous, chronic lymphocytic, and chronic myelogenous. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0501/p731.html
Localized Prostate Cancer: Treatment Options - American Family Physician
Jun 15, 2018 - In the United States, prostate cancer will be diagnosed in one out of seven men in his lifetime. Most cases are localized, and only one in 39 men will die from the disease. Prostate cancer is most often detected using serum prostate-specific antigen testing. The National Comprehensive ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0615/p798.html
Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2007 - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with an average five-year survival rate of 15 percent. Smoking remains the predominant risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancers are categorized as small cell carcinoma or non-small cell carcinoma (e.g., ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0101/p56.html
Lymphadenopathy and Malignancy - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2002 - The majority of patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy have easily identifiable causes that are benign or self-limited. Among primary care patients presenting with lymphadenopathy, the prevalence of malignancy has been estimated to be as low as 1.1 percent. The critical ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/1201/p2103.html
Metastatic Carcinoma of the Long Bones - American Family Physician
Nov 15, 2007 - Breast, prostate, renal, thyroid, and lung carcinomas commonly metastasize to bone. Managing skeletal metastatic disease can be complex. Pain is the most common presenting symptom and requires thorough radiographic and laboratory evaluation. If plain-film radiography is not sufficient ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1115/p1489.html
Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2017 - Multiple myeloma accounts for 1.6% of all cancer cases and approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies in the United States. In 2015, an estimated 28,850 new cases of multiple myeloma were diagnosed in the United States, and the disease caused more than 11,000 deaths. Patients older ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0315/p373.html
Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2016 - Primary intracranial tumors of the brain structures, including meninges, are rare with an overall five-year survival rate of 33.4%; they are collectively called primary brain tumors. Proven risk factors for these tumors include certain genetic syndromes and exposure to high-dose ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0201/p211.html
Renal Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2019 - Kidney cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers in the United States with 90% being attributed to renal cell carcinoma. Men, especially black men, are more likely to be affected than women. Renal masses, either cystic or solid, are best detected with contrast-enhanced, triple-phase ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0201/p179.html
Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis - American Family ...
Dec 1, 2016 - Lymphadenopathy is benign and self-limited in most patients. Etiologies include malignancy, infection, and autoimmune disorders, as well as medications and iatrogenic causes. The history and physical examination alone usually identify the cause of lymphadenopathy. When the cause is ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1201/p896.html
Update on ASCCP Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Screening Tests and Cervical...
Jul 15, 2009 - New data have emerged since publication of the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology's 2001 consensus guidelines for management of abnormal cervical cytology and histology. The 2006 guidelines include recommendations for special populations (i.e., adolescents and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0715/p147.html
Update on Colorectal Cancer - American Family Physician
Mar 15, 2000 - An estimated 129,400 new cases of colorectal cancer occurred in the United States during 1999. The lifetime risk of developing this cancer is 2.5 to 5 percent in the general population but two to three times higher in persons who have a first-degree relative with colon cancer or an ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0315/p1759.html
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